抗战后期桂林柳州的大逃亡
来源：戈叔亚   2018-04-16 10:46:03

　　中国的大逃亡

　　广西桂林与柳州大规模逃亡

　　CHINA FLEES

　　BATTLES OF KWEILING AND LIUCHOU FORCE MASS EVACUATION IN kWANGSI

　　美国《生活》杂志1944年11月20日

　　图片：广西的难民把自己绑在列车顶部、车厢和车厢到结合部、挂钩处、机车的蒸汽机头上上逃难

　　THE REFUGEES OF KWANGSI LASH THEMSELVES TO ROOF,

　　CROSSROADS, COUPLINGS, COWCATCHER OF LOCOMOTIVE

　　图片：士兵在一个车站守卫一列火车，那里的难民出去做饭，打扫一下车厢。

　　SOLDIER (RIGHT) GUARDS A TRAIN AT A STOP WHERE

　　REFUGEES GET OUT TO COOK A MEAL, CLEAN UP A LITTLE

　　在胜利到敌人面前，唯一仍在逃亡的盟军就是中国人了。这是广西省人民大逃亡人的一组照片，这是盟国在很长一段时间里遭受的最令人心碎的失败造成的。日本人所追求的是美国第十四空军的基地，美国空军已经击沉了50多万吨的日本航运，并无情地打击了日本军队和空军。他们还想拔除美军第二十航空队B-29轰炸机的前进基地。之外，他们想分裂中国，得到一个内部的铁路路线，在关键时刻动摇蒋介石政权，防止盟军在中国沿海的交汇点。

　　The only Allied people still in flight before a victorious enemy is the Chinese. On this page are pictures of the exodus in Kwangsi province, which resulted from the most heart-rending defeat suffered by the United Nations in a long time. What the Japs were after was the bases of the U.S. 14th Air Force, which had sunk more than half a million tons of Jap shipping and unmercifully strafed the Jap army and air force. They wanted also to set back the advance bases of the 20th U.S. Air Force's B-29s. Beyond that they wanted to split China, to get an internal rail route, to shake the political regime of Chiang K'ai-shek at a critical moment and to prevent a juncture of Allied forces on the China coast.

　　(1944年)10月27日，日本向位于流入广东沿海的上游源头到四江(Si Kiang)的桂林和柳州的坚固城市发动了进攻。桂林是中国最坚强到要塞城市之一。美国、苏联，甚至德国提供的火炮，被安放在环绕城市的山丘上的洞穴中。上周，日本宣布，他们在铁路线上占领柳州和柳州。后来，他们对这一说法进行了修改，称他们“包围了”桂林。这场战斗肯定在大约三十五万日军和中国大约八万守备部队之间进行。

　　The Japs opened the attack October 27 toward the fortified cities of Kweilin and Liuchow on the headwaters of the Si Kiang which flows down to Canton on the coast. Kweilin was one of the strongest fortified cities in China. Its artillery, supplied by the U.S., U.S.S.R. and even Germany, was emplaced in caves in the hills surrounding the city. Last week the Japanese announced they had captured both Liuchow and Kweilin on the sought-after railroad line. Later they modified this by saying they had "encircled" Kweilin. A fight was certainly on between perhaps 350,000 Japs and Chinese garrisons of perhaps 80,000.

　　很久以前，在即将到来的战斗的道路上，人们已经开始逃亡了，——步行，乘人力车和马车和火车。虚弱的人倒在路边，死在那里，没有人注意到。一旦上了车，不管什么原因，没有人会因为害怕失去他的位置而下车，所以恶臭是可怕的。人们被层层堆叠，有些人在底部窒息而死。哭闹的婴儿被绑在木棍上。

　　Long before, the people in the path of the oncoming battles had begun to get out - on foot, by ricksha, cart and train. The feeble fell by the road and died there, unnoticed. Once in a car nobody got out for any reason whatever for fear of losing his place, so that the stench was frightful. People were piled layer on layer, some on the bottom smothering to death. Wailing babies were lashed to the rods.

　　在军事上，在悲伤的逃亡来临之前很早，第十四航空队就开始拆在桂林除昂贵的设备，大约花费了美国7亿美元的550栋建筑炸毁了。战斗机和轰炸机的紧急战场保持完好但是最后也炸毁了，尽管投下拆除炸弹，开始坚持到最后一分钟。然后，当日本人开始进攻，美国飞机发现，日军骑兵距离桂林只有15英里远了，克林顿·文森特(Clinton D. Vincent)将军下令炸毁最后的六辆吉普车。这次失败不是中国人的，也是美国人的。

　　Militarily, a sadder evacuation had come still earlier, when the 14th Air Force demolished the expensive installations at Kweilin, some 550 buildings that had cost the U.S. 700,000,000 Chinese dollars. An emergency field for fighters and bombers was kept intact, though sown with demolition bombs, until the last minute. Then, when the Jap offensive began and Jap cavalry was spotted by air only 15 miles away, General Clinton D. Vincent ordered the last field blown up and the American "bitter-enders" got out in six jeeps. The defeat was not Chinese alone; it was also American.

　　图片：中国儿童寻找机车丢弃的煤炭来为冰冷到火车皮保暖，也用来煮饭。

　　CHINESE CHILDREN SALVAGE LOCOMOTIVE'S HOT ASHES

　　TO HEAT COLD FREIGHT CARS AND COOK A HURRIED MEAL

　　图片：这辆货车的挂钩处，这位富裕的祖母和她到家庭感到舒适。

　　WELL-TO-DO GRANDMOTHER IS MADE COMFORTABLE BY ONE OF HER FAMILY

　　BEHIND COUPLING OF THIS FREIGHT CAR

　　图片：在2英寸的货运火车的轮子陪伴，这个中国男孩在稻草上睡觉

　　WITHIN TWO INCHES OF FREIGHT TRAIN'S WHEELS

　　THIS CHINESE BOY TRIES TO SLEEP ON A HANDFUL OF STRAW

　　图片：当火车开动时，一个家庭占据了货车的一侧，他们把自己捆绑在支架上。

　　A FAMILY TAKES POSSESSION OF UNDER SIDE OF FREIGHT CAR

　　WHEN TRAIN STARTED THEY LASHED THEMSELVES ON