《近代史研究》2008年第3期

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一、中文目录

专题论文

斯文关天意：1932年清华大学入学考试的对对子风波 罗志田 (4)

历史当事人的记述与历史真实——新见《剿共随军日记》释读 曾业英（24）

二十世纪30年代初中国知识界的社会主义思潮 郑大华 谭庆辉（44）

外资外贸与中国工业化——抗战后期国统区知识界关于战后建设问题的讨论 阎书钦（59）

对胡适与室伏高信对话的回顾与分析 袁咏红、罗福惠（76）

中国问题与日本1941年的开战决策——以日方档案为依据的再确认 鹿锡俊（90）

事件·文本·解读——以民国时期“双烈女事件”为中心 侯杰 陈晓曦（104）

学位文选

流动的土地与固化的地权——清代至民国关中东部地册研究 胡英泽（117）

问题讨论

光绪死亡原因探析 包振远（140）

读史札记

前后“甲寅派”考 郭双林（148）

清季预备立宪九年清单并未宣布开国会年限 彭 剑（156）

二、中文内容提要

斯文关天意：1932年清华大学入学考试的对对子风波　　罗志田（北京大学历史系教授）

［内容提要］1932年清华大学入学考试的方式变革引起了争议，这一事件本身需要进行史实的重建。中学国文教育是双方的共同关注点，考试中的“对对子”的确为出题者陈寅恪所侧重，期借此防止国语不国和传统不传，并希望以大学入学考试的创新来促动中学国文教育的改变；但反击的“社会”舆论却强调国立大学入学考试的方式应与中学国文教育的现状保持一致，并不断诉诸“国家”的权威。正是“社会”对“国家”的监督以及对“国家机关”职责的强调，迫使后者做出了让步；而“社会”对“国家”的监督又并非以对立的姿态出现，反而是在代“国家”立言，要求后者维护“中国教育行政的统一”。

［关键词］大学入学考试 中学国文教育 国难与国性 传统及其表述 国家与社会

历史当事人的记述与历史真实——新见《剿共随军日记》释读　　曾业英（中国社会科学院近代史研究所研究员）

［内容提要］《剿共随军日记》是一本历史当事人的记述。它虽有强烈的“反共”宣传性，但也记录了国共两党、两军不少“历史真实”，如“剿共”粤军与国民党“中央军”的矛盾关系、共产党和红军的组织与军纪优于国民党和“剿共”粤军、“剿共”各军的宣传工作不如红军、“剿共”粤军的募夫制弊端丛生，等等。对待历史当事人的记述，应依据其记述历史的立场、动机和方法，采取冷静、清醒、理性的科学分析态度。

［关键词］日记 “剿共” 红军 国民党 历史真实

20世纪30年代初中国知识界的社会主义思潮　　郑大华 谭庆辉（中国社会科学院近代史研究所研究员；湖南师范大学历史文化学院硕士研究生）

［内容提要］1929—1933年的经济危机使西方资本主义世界陷入经济、政治、信仰灾难的深渊，资本主义的吸引力日益沉沦；而这时社会主义国家苏联的第一个五年计划却取得了辉煌成绩，创造了“孤岛繁荣”的奇迹，社会主义的魅力迅速彰显；在危机打击下，资本主义国家加强对华经济掠夺，日本则悍然发动侵华战争，中华民族危机的陡然增加促使人们寻找新的出路。这些因素构成30年代初中国知识界社会主义思潮兴起的直接诱因。中国知识界的社会主义思潮在苏联完成“一五计划”和欧美经济危机最严重的1932—1933年间达到高潮，其后，由于民族危机加深、民族主义思潮高涨而逐渐趋向低落，并最终被掩盖于抗日战争的浪潮之下。概言之，中国知识界的社会主义思潮大致可以分为热谈苏联和社会主义、探讨苏联“一五计划”成功的原因以及追求社会主义三个既有联系而内涵又各有不同的层次。与五四时期的社会主义思潮比较，30年代初的社会主义思潮带有浓厚的计划经济气息和缺少理论上的建树两个显著特点。

［关键词］20世纪30年代初 中国知识界 社会主义思潮

对胡适与室伏高信对话的回顾与分析　　袁咏红 罗福惠（中南财经政法大学人文学院历史系副教授、武汉大学历史学院博士后；华中师范大学中国近代史研究所教授）

［内容提要］1937年“七·七”事变之前数年，胡适和室伏高信这两位自由主义知识分子曾就如何改善中日关系问题多次交换意见。双方都强调加强理解和说真话，并在如何认识中日关系问题的症结及怎样改善两国关系等方面不乏共识。这一讨论在当时引起了不同反响。但对话中两人都体现出明显的思想缺陷，如胡适的软弱、悲观，室伏高信则受到当时日本社会主流思潮的影响而不自知。

［关键词］胡适 室伏高信 中日关系 对话

中国问题与日本1941年的开战决策——以日方档案为依据的再确认　　鹿锡俊（日本大东文化大学国际关系学部教授）

［内容提要］本文以1941年日美政府级交涉为主要考察对象，根据日方的原始档案，验证中国问题和日本开战决策的内在联系。本文以日本决策者的各种自白揭示：中国的对日抗战既是对日本死守既有侵略果实之企图的重大障碍，又是对日本力图进一步实现北进、南进和所谓“大东亚共荣圈”等扩张野心的最大牵制，从而也是对美英等国的全球性利益的必不可少的保障。日本当年在中国问题上沉迷不醒，其症结就在这里；美国最终拒绝在中国问题上妥协，其关键亦在于此。运用日本决策者自己留下的证据来重观历史，有助于人们明辨问题的实质。

［关键词］中国 日本 美国 中日关系 美日关系 太平洋战争

事件·文本·解读——以民国时期“双烈女事件”为中心　　侯 杰 陈晓曦（南开大学历史学院教授、河北省社会科学院历史研究所兼职研究员；清华大学历史系硕士研究生）

［内容提要］本文以1916年发生在天津的双烈女事件为研究对象，通过对报刊、碑刻、

诗词的解读，剖析双烈女事件在民国时期天津乃至中国社会所引起的反响，重新探讨该事件在历史演进中呈现的意义。通过文本解读，力图揭示不同文本作者在书写中所体现的不同社会身份，探讨作者、人物及事件与受众三者之间的关系；并从社会性别的视角出发，审视民国初年普通女性的地位及文本背后所隐含的特定的性别意涵。

［关键词］事件 文本 解读 双烈女 社会性别

流动的土地与固化的地权——清代至民国关中东部地册研究　　胡英泽（山西大学中国社会史研究中心博士研究生）

［内容提要］清代至民国年间的关中地册，基本为黄河滩地册，地域范围局限于黄河沿岸，具有独特的生态、经济社会背景。滩地的特点主要是地块规整，地权分散，买卖率低，这是滩地村社公有,家户均分的结果。然而，滩地家户私有现象也同时存在，地权分配并不平均。针对“关中模式”历史溯源的资料运用，文章指出运用较小区域的滩地地权状况，不能推导出清初至民国的“关中模式”。

［关键词］清代 民国 滩地 地册 地权

光绪死亡原因探析　　包振远

前后“甲寅派”考　　郭双林

清季预备立宪九年清单并未宣布开国会年限　　彭 剑

 外资外贸与中国工业化——抗战后期国统区知识界关于战后建设问题的讨论　　阎书钦

 书讯

三、英文内容提要

Modern Chinese History Studies N0. 3, 2008

Learning is Bound to the Will of Heaven: Dispute over Parallel Prose (Dui Duizi) in Tsinghua University’s 1932 Entrance Examination / Luo Zhitian (4)

A change in the format of Tsinghua University’s entrance examination in 1932 set off a dispute, and the historical facts of the incident need to be reconstructed. National language education in middle school was the key point about which both sides cared. Professor Chen Yinque, who composed the examination, stressed the use of parallel prose (dui duizi) as part of his effort to stop the trend toward a less national and less traditional language. He hoped that an innovation in the university entrance examination would stimulate a change in national language education in middle schools. However, “social” public opinion opposing his change insisted that national university entrance examinations should conform to the prevailing conditions of national language education in middle schools, not the other way around, and made repeated appeals to the authority of the “nation.” It was this idea that “society” supervises the “nation,” and the emphasis on the duties of “national institutions” that forced the latter to concede. The supervision of the “nation” by “society” did not place the two in opposition, but rather spoke on behalf of the “nation,” demanding that it maintain “the integrity of China’s educational administration.”

First-hand Historical Accounts and Historical Truth: a Reading and Explanation of the Newly Discovered Diary of My Time with the CCP-Suppressing Arm y /Zeng Yeying (24)

Diary of My Time with the CCP-Suppressing Army is a record made by someone who experienced history. Though the diary has a strong anti-Communist agenda, it indeed records many “historical truths” about both the Guomindang and Communist Party and their armies. For example, he documents the opposition between the “CCP-Suppressing” Guangdong Army and the Guomindang’s “Central Army”; the CCP and the Red Army’s organizational and disciplinary superiority over the Guomindang and the Guangdong Army; the inferiority of the various “CCP-Suppression” armies’ propaganda; the many abuses of the Guangdong Army’s methods for recruiting porters; and so on. When faced with these kinds of record, we should make a calm, clear-headed, rational and scientific analysis according to the author’s position, motives and methods for describing history.

The Chinese Intelligentsia’s Trend of Socialist Thought in the Early 1930s / Zheng Dahua Tan Qinghui (44)

The economic crisis from 1929 to 1933 plunged the Western capitalist world into an abyss of economic, political and religious sufferings, whereas the attractions of socialism quickly became apparent as the Soviet Union’s first Five-year Plan achieved brilliant results, creating a miraculous “isolated island of prosperity.” Under the impact of the crisis, the capitalist countries intensified their economic plunder of China, and Japanoutrageously started its war of invasion against China. This sudden intensifying Chinese national crisis spurred people to look for new way out. All of these elements were direct causes of the rise of a trend of socialist thought in the Chinese intelligentsia in the early 1930s. The trend reached a climax after the Soviet Union realized its first Five-year Plan and while the European and US economic crisis was in the most serious period from 1932 to 1933. Thereafter, because of the intensification of the national crisis, the rise of the trend of nationalist thought, it was finally submerged under the tide of the Anti-Japanese War. Generally speaking, the Chinese intelligentsia’s trend of socialist thought can roughly be divided into three related but distinct levels: (1) ardently discussing the Soviet Union and socialism; (2) exploring the reasons for the Soviet Union’s success; (3) pursuing socialism. Compared with the trend of socialist thought in the May-Fourth Movement, the trend of socialist thought in the early 1930s had two obvious characteristics: a marked focus on planned economy and lack of theoretical contributions.

Foreign Capital, Foreign Trade and Chinese Industrialization: Discussions about Postwar Construction among Intellectuals in the Guomindang-controlled Areas Late in the Anti-Japanese War / Yan Shuqin (59)

Late in the Anti-Japanese War, intellectuals in the Guomindang-controlled areas held discussions on China’s postwar construction. The analytical basis of the discussions was China’s postwar industrialization. Apart from the problem of “demobilizing war zone industry,” mainly concerned with economic reconstruction in war zones, the discussions centered on two focal topics: (1) the use of foreign capital; (2) foreign trade. The discussions on the use of foreign capital reflected the strong desire of the intellectuals in the Guomindang-controlled areas to introduce foreign capital to promote China’s industrialization process. The discussions on foreign trade showed their dilemma as they tried to choose between the international free trade policies of the US and England and policies to protect China’s newly emerging industry.

A Review and Analysis of the Dialogue between Hu Shi and Murobuse Koshin / Yuan Yonghong, Luo Fuhui (76)

The China Problem and Japan’s Decision to Start War in 1941: Re-affirmation according to Japanese Documents / Lu Xijun (90)

This article focuses on governmental level negotiations between Japan and the US in 1941, using Japanese documents to verify the inner link between the China Problem and Japan’s decision to start war. Through various revelations from the Japanese decision makers themselves, the paper shows that China’s resistance war against Japan not only was a great obstacle to Japan’s desire to hold on to the fruits of its aggression, it was also the principle constraint against Japan’s effort to expand its invasion north and south and realize the so-called “Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere.” Therefore, the resistance war was a necessary guarantee for the US and Britain’s global interests. This is the key reason why Japan remained obsessed with the China Problem at the time. It is also the reason why the US finally refused to compromise on the China Problem. Using the evidence left by Japanese policy makers to review history helps us to clarify the substance of the problem.

Incidents, Text and Explanation: Centered on the “Incident of Two Women of Moral Integrity” / Hou Jie, Chen Xiaoxi (104)

Moving Land and Fixed Land Ownership: A Study of Land Inventories in Eastern Shaanxi from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China / Hu Yingze (117)

A New Probe into the Cause of Emperor Guangxu’s Death / Bao Zhenyuan (140)

Textual Research on the Two “Jiayin Factions” / Guo Shuanglin (148)

The Nine-Year Agenda for Constitutional Preparation in the Late Qing did not Announce a Date for Establishing Parliament / Peng Jian (156)

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